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Testing Todd: Why TDR?

10/06/2023 | Todd Kolmodin -- Column: Testing Todd
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a measurement of impedance in a transmission line. This becomes very important in high speed or RF printed circuits. As a long-time amateur radio operator, I have had a lot of experience with characteristic impedance regarding power transmission.

Beyond Design: Standing Waves in Multilayer PCB Plane Cavities

07/20/2023 | Barry Olney -- Column: Beyond Design
Plane cavities in multilayer PCBs are essentially unterminated radial transmission lines.  They form a transmission line that propagates electromagnetic (EM) energy within a plane cavity emanating from a feed point, within the plane, and outward in all directions. Like all transmission lines, it will reflect if not terminated. This creates standing waves—ringing. The bigger the mismatch, the bigger the standing waves, and the more the impedance will be location-dependent. As frequency and edge rates continue to increase, the impact of intrinsic electrical characteristics becomes more pronounced. AC switching currents in the power/ground planes can be very large. Under these circumstances, a plane pair acts more like a radial transmission line rather than a distributed planar capacitor.

Beyond Design: Containing Electromagnetic Fields in Wireless PCB Design

04/20/2023 | Barry Olney -- Column: Beyond Design
The path of electromagnetic energy in multilayer PCBs is generally guided by a signal trace bounded by the plane(s). However, as the demand for high-density, high-performance microwave (µWave), and millimeter wave (mmWave) circuits increases in the latest wireless technologies, the electromagnetic fields require more stringent control as they tend to radiate more—particularly on microstrip (surface) layers. Thus, as we enter the realm of µWave (3-30 GHz) and mmWave (30-300 GHz) designers are compelled to implement waveguide techniques, used traditionally in RF design, to reduce radiation loss.

Inmarsat Supports Tonga Eruption Site Survey by Enabling Over-the-horizon Vessel Operation, Data Transmission

09/22/2022 | Inmarsat
Inmarsat, the world leader in global, mobile communications, provided SEA-KIT International’s uncrewed surface vessel (USV) Maxlimer with connectivity services to transmit data and video from the site of the recent underwater volcanic eruption in Tonga.

Register Now for Eric Bogatin’s Transmission Lines 101 Sept. 29-30

09/16/2022 | Andy Shaughnessy, Design007 Magazine
Professor Eric Bogatin of the University of Colorado-Boulder is doing a rare live class, online, covering transmission line fundamentals. The 1.5-day Transmission Lines 101 will take place September 29-30. The tagline for the class is “Never be intimidated by transmission lines again!” Eric is known for taking complicated signal integrity issues and breaking them down into manageable bites that everyone can understand. The course will help PCB designers and design engineers understand how signals propagate on transmission lines, how to design transmission lines using a 2D field solver, and how to interpret TDR measurements. This will be applied to both single-ended and differential transmission lines.
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